|
American Mexicans ((スペイン語:estadounidense-mexicanos)) are Mexican citizens who are either born in, or descended from migrants from the United States and its territories. This can include people of non-Hispanic European, African American, Native American, Asian American, Pacific Islander or Hispanic (of any race) backgrounds. Americans are a significant demographic in Mexico. Over 75% of immigrants to Mexico are estimated to come from the United States, and Mexico hosts the largest number of US emigrants. Many of the members of the American Mexican community have dual nationality, and among them are entrepreneurs, businessmen, sports professionals, entertainers, artists, religious ministers, academics, and students, among others. ==History== The first American settlement in Mexico was the entry of Americans, mostly of European descent, as traders into the country. Including the northern territories of Alta California, Santa Fe de Nuevo México, and Mexican Texas. The first empresarial grant in Texas had been made under Spanish control to Stephen F. Austin, whose settlers, known as the Old Three Hundred, settled along the Brazos River in 1822. The grant was later ratified by the Mexican government. Twenty-three other empresarios brought settlers to the state, the majority from the United States of America. In 1824, Mexico enacted the General Colonization Law, which enabled all heads of household, regardless of race or immigrant status, to claim land in Mexico. Due to the large amount of American settlers, in 1830 President Bustamante outlawed the immigration of United States citizens to Texas, nonetheless immigration continued illegally. Mexico once recognized citizens born in the territory lost in the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo to protect their property, farms, and ranches. However, they had to adopt a new nationality and very few descendants had ever decided to regain their Mexican nationality. Facing the threat of enslavement, in 1850 the Black Seminole leader John Horse and about 180 Black Seminoles staged a mass escape to northern Mexico, where slavery had been abolished more than twenty years earlier. There is a band of the Kickapoo tribe present in northern Mexico as result of 19th-century migration. There is also a Cherokee Nation of Mexico that claims to be the descendents of 19th-century Cherokee migrants. However, they are not officially recognized by the Federal government. A few of the routes of the Underground Railroad led to Mexico.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/underground/routes.htm )〕 A substantial number of former Confederates fled to Mexico from the defeated Confederate States of America during the Reconstruction era of the United States.〔(Confederate Migration to Mexico ). ''jstor''. ''jstor.org''.〕 They set up the New Virginia Colony. However, many of the ex-Confederates left the country once Emperor Maxmilian I was overthrown. One known Mexican of U.S. ancestry is former president Vicente Fox, whose great-grandfather, reportedly of German American ancestry, left Cincinnati for Mexico in the 1860s after the U.S. Civil War. During the Porfiriato, foreign businessmen were welcomed into the country in order to help with Mexico's modernization through enterprises such as railroad construction and mineral exploitation. American capitalists included the likes of Edward L. Doheny and William Cornell Greene. Also notable among these early entrepreneurs were the Californian immigrants Walter and Frank Sanborn, who opened Mexico's first soda fountain. Their business would go on to become the Grupo Sanborns. Founded in 1888, the American School Foundation in Mexico City was created to cater to American immigrants. For decades, Mexico has also drawn numerous artists, including Pablo O'Higgins, William Spratling and Waldeen Falkenstein. During the Cold War, Mexico was a country of refuge for political leftists, and received various American exiles, especially from the film industry. Recent migrants can be categorized into three broad categories: retired expatriates (which tend to congregate in American colonies like Ajijic or San Miguel de Allende), professionals working in Mexico (tending to reside in large cities like Monterrey or Mexico City) and the American children of Mexican nationals (which can be found throughout the country). Most commonly, these American-born minors follow their parents once they are deported to Mexico. Nonetheless, it is also common for adult children to return to their parents home country of their own will. ==Culture== American Mexicans retain customs such as Thanksgiving Day and the Independence Day of the United States celebrated on July 4.〔(Retiring Americans, Go south, old man ) by The Economist〕 American football arrived to Mexico in 1927, by direct influence of the United States. It started to be played in Mexico City among young students from universities, and sport clubs showing a great interest for this foreign sport of considerable popularity among American students. Throughout the years, the sport became popular at an amateur level among universities of Mexico.〔 The sport has remained popular as a result of easier access to televised NFL games and the desire of American Mexicans to partake in American pastimes, such as viewing the Super Bowl. Recent migrants, especially those in the retired community, remain closely attached to and promote the values of the U.S. through organizations such as Democrats and Republicans Abroad, the American Legion, and the Sons and Daughters of the American Revolution. Also common among this group is the lobbying of local governments on a range of issues such as development, security, sanitation and historical preservation.〔 This may be problematic if they are not naturalized citizens, since the Mexican Constitution prohibits the involvement of foreigners in the country's politics.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「American immigration to Mexico」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|